![]() Latin Examples LatinĪgreeing with the Adjectives A word in the genitive case showing possession can be translated either way. Note that Latin does not have a separate form for the possessive genitive ( Marcus's dog vs The dog of Marcus), as English does. Quite simply, a word in the genitive case is translated with the preposition "of". The dog of Marcus or Marcus's dog (canis Marcī) The genitive case describes the following features of the described noun: Chicago: Loyola Press, 1958.The genitive case is a descriptive case. By removing that, we can determine the stem, which is cen. For example, the case ending for the first declension noun in the genitive case, singular number is -ae. The GENITIVE SINGULAR always tells to what declension a noun belongs.įurthermore, the genitive singular declension is important because by removing the case ending, we can determine the word’s stem. All we have to find about a new noun is this: What declension does it belong to? This we can tell from the Latin case called the GENITIVE. In this instance, it is cenae.Īll Latin nouns are divided into five main groups called declensions, and in these groups we have a model which shows us the proper endings to use. The second form is the lemma declined in the genitive case, singular number. This is the form you use when looking up words in a dictionary or lexicon. The first form, e.g., cena, is the lemma or lexical form. ![]() For example, the nominative plural of rēmex is rēmigēs, while the nominative plural of caudex is caudicēs. (See this related question that mentions a story about declining one of these nouns incorrectly: A story of a king who wanted to simplify Latin grammar)Īnd knowledge of the genitive form is frequently necessary to be able to inflect nouns of the third declension, where nominative singular forms often don't contain enough information to determine the other forms. and a number of other neuter third-declension nouns from Greek ending in -ma, matis. But there are certain Greek loanwords that end in "-a" in the nominative singular and belong to other declension classes and/or genders, such as problēma, problēmatis n. ![]() (Some nouns have irregularities in their inflection that require more description, like the irregular first-declension noun dea "goddess" which has the ablative plural deābus.)īeing given the genitive may seem a bit useless for nouns that end in "a" in the nominative singular, since nearly all of these are regularly inflected according to the first declension. These are the " principal parts" of a regular Latin noun. The use is that if you know the nominative singular form, genitive singular form, and the gender of a regularly inflected Latin noun, you can predict all of its other forms. When I see aries, -etis, though, I realize it is 3rd declension
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